全文获取类型
收费全文 | 350篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 30篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 18篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 12篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有379条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
91.
Luís Sánchez‐del‐Campo María F. Montenegro Juan Cabezas‐Herrera José Neptuno Rodríguez‐López 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2009,22(5):588-600
Although methotrexate (MTX) is an effective drug for several types of cancer, it is not active against melanoma. Experiments following methotrexate treatment indicated a reduced accumulation of the drug in the cytosolic compartment in melanoma cells, suggesting that the mechanisms that control the transport and retention of this drug could be altered in melanoma. For this reason, we analyzed the presence and function of folate receptor‐α (FRα) in melanoma cells. In this study, we have identified the presence of FRα in normal and pathological melanocytes and demonstrated that MTX is preferentially transported through this receptor in melanoma cells. FRα‐induced endocytic transport of MTX, together with drug melanosomal sequestration and cellular exportation, ensures reduced accumulation of this cytotoxic compound in intracellular compartments. The critical role of FRα in this mechanism of resistance and the therapeutic consequences of these findings are also discussed. 相似文献
92.
93.
94.
Marco A. Molina‐Montenegro Elsa E. Cleland Sean M. Watts Bernardo R. Broitman 《Oikos》2012,121(3):389-395
Determining combinations of functional traits that allow a species to colonize new habitats has been central in the development of invasion ecology. Species able to establish in new communities harbor abilities or traits that allow them to use resources or tolerate stress in ways that native species cannot. Tradeoffs among species functional traits along the competition–colonization (CC) continuum, where competitive ability is a decreasing function of dispersal capacity, may allow invasive species to establish themselves in new habitats. The California flora offers a well‐characterized model system to examine whether native and exotic species differ in the distribution of functional traits and to examine whether a breakdown of the CC tradeoff is present. We used a random subset of 1000 plants and examined seed traits and life form characteristics along with their seed size and adult height using the Jepson Manual of the plants of California. To test the hypothesis that active dispersal strategies aid in the success of exotic species, we classified species into four seed types according to the presence/absence of mechanisms associated with efficient dispersal. In addition, for each species we compiled data on seed size and adult plant height. We conducted all comparisons between native and exotic species within the four most speciose families to control for potential taxonomic non‐independence. Exotic species had smaller seed size but greater plant height than natives of the same families. On the other hand, exotic species also displayed significantly greater proportions of functional traits that enhanced dispersal ability. Additionally, certain sets of functional traits were significantly associated with exotic species, such as annual life histories with small seeds and high dispersal capacity. In the random subset of the California flora examined, exotics of the most speciose plant families show functional trait combinations that appear to violate the tradeoff structures observed in their California counterparts. Our results suggest that taxonomically controlled comparisons of the CC tradeoff structure between natives and exotic species may shed light of the capacity of those exotic species invasive ability to colonize new habitats. 相似文献
95.
Montenegro CF Salla-Pontes CL Ribeiro JU Machado AZ Ramos RF Figueiredo CC Morandi V Selistre-de-Araujo HS 《Biochimie》2012,94(8):1812-1820
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and αvβ3 integrin are key molecules that actively participate in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Some integrin-blocking molecules are currently under clinical trials for cancer and metastasis treatment. However, the mechanism of action of such inhibitors is not completely understood. We have previously demonstrated the anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic properties of DisBa-01, a recombinant His-tag RGD-disintegrin from Bothrops alternatus snake venom in some experimental models. DisBa-01 blocks αvβ3 integrin binding to vitronectin and inhibits integrin-mediated downstream signaling cascades and cell migration. Here we add some new information on the mechanism of action of DisBa-01 in the tumor microenvironment. DisBa-01 supports the adhesion of fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells but it inhibits the adhesion of these cells to type I collagen under flow in high shear conditions, as a simulation of the blood stream. DisBa-01 does not affect the release of VEGF by fibroblasts or breast cancer cells but it strongly decreases the expression of VEGF mRNA and of its receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) in endothelial cells. DisBa-01 at nanomolar concentrations also modulates metalloprotease 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) activity, the latter being decreased in fibroblasts and increased in MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that αvβ3 integrin inhibitors may induce distinct effects in the cells of the tumor microenvironment, resulting in blockade of angiogenesis by impairing of VEGF signaling and in inhibition of tumor cell motility. 相似文献
96.
Crispim CA Padilha HG Zimberg IZ Waterhouse J Dattilo M Tufik S de Mello MT 《Chronobiology international》2012,29(5):587-594
Shiftwork is often associated with metabolic diseases, and in the past few years, several cytokines have been postulated to contribute to various diseases, including insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in samples of young adult men exposed to a fixed (i) night shift (n = 9), working from 22:00 to 06:00 h; (ii) early morning shift (n = 6), working from 06:00 to 14:00 h; and (iii) day shift (n = 7), working from 08:00 to 17:00 h. The fixed night-shift and early-morning-shift samples were considered collectively as a shiftworker group given their work times. Blood samples were collected during the regular working day at 4-h intervals over the course of 24 h, thus totaling six samples. Morphological and physical activity parameters did not differ between the three groups. Total energy intake was lowest on the early morning shifts (p .03). Both shiftworker groups ingested a significantly higher percentage of fat (p .003) and a lower percentage of carbohydrate (p .0005) than the day group. The early morning group had a lower mean 24-h level of adiponectin than the other two groups (p =?.016), and both the early morning and night groups exhibited higher mean 24-h levels of TNF-α than the day group (p =?.0001). The 24-h mean levels of IL-6 did not differ significantly between the groups (p =?.147). None of the groups exhibited a significant circadian effect on adiponectin (p =?.829), TNF-α (p =?.779), or IL-6 (p =?.979) levels. These results indicate that individuals who are enrolled in shiftwork are susceptible to alterations in the secretion of cytokines that are involved in insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, both of which are known to affect this population. 相似文献
97.
Maternally inherited endosymbionts that manipulate the reproduction of their insect host are very common. Aside from the reproductive
manipulation they produce, the fitness of these symbionts depends in part on the direct impact they have on the female host.
Although this parameter has commonly been investigated for single infections, it has much more rarely been established in
dual infections. We here establish the direct effect of infection with two different symbionts exhibiting different reproductive
manipulation phenotypes, both alone and in combination, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This species carries a cytoplasmic incompatibility inducing Wolbachia and a male-killing Spiroplasma, occurring as single or double (co-) infections in natural populations. We assessed direct fitness effects of these bacteria
on their host, by comparing larval competitiveness and adult fecundity of uninfected, Wolbachia, Spiroplasma and Wolbachia–Spiroplasma co-infected females. We found no effect of infection status on the fitness of females for both estimates, that is, no evidence
of any benefits or costs to either single or co-infection. This leads to the conclusion that both bacteria probably have other
sources of benefits to persist in D. melanogaster populations, either by means of their reproductive manipulations (fitness compensation from male death in Spiroplasma infection and cytoplasmic incompatibility in Wolbachia infection) or by positive fitness interactions on other fitness components. 相似文献
98.
Marie Thomas Diego Montenegro Alejandra Castao Laura Friedman Jay Leb Mia Lace Huang Leah Rothman Heidi Lee Craig Capodiferro Daniel Ambinder Eva Cere Jessica Galante JaimeLee Rizzo Karin Melkonian Robert Engel 《Carbohydrate research》2009,344(13):1620-1627
In our continuing investigation of polycationic salts for purposes of antimicrobial action, ion-channel blocking, and construction of ionic liquids, we have prepared several series of polycationic salts derived from carbohydrate precursors. These salts are currently being investigated for optimal efficacy as antibacterials and antifungals, as well as for other applications. The syntheses of such series of salts are described here along with preliminary antibacterial testing results and a discussion of their properties indicating their potential utility for several purposes. 相似文献
99.
Yulia Komarova Christian O. De Groot Ilya Grigoriev Susana Montenegro Gouveia E. Laura Munteanu Joseph M. Schober Srinivas Honnappa Rubén M. Buey Casper C. Hoogenraad Marileen Dogterom Gary G. Borisy Michel O. Steinmetz Anna Akhmanova 《The Journal of cell biology》2009,184(5):691-706
End binding proteins (EBs) are highly conserved core components of microtubule plus-end tracking protein networks. Here we investigated the roles of the three mammalian EBs in controlling microtubule dynamics and analyzed the domains involved. Protein depletion and rescue experiments showed that EB1 and EB3, but not EB2, promote persistent microtubule growth by suppressing catastrophes. Furthermore, we demonstrated in vitro and in cells that the EB plus-end tracking behavior depends on the calponin homology domain but does not require dimer formation. In contrast, dimerization is necessary for the EB anti-catastrophe activity in cells; this explains why the EB1 dimerization domain, which disrupts native EB dimers, exhibits a dominant-negative effect. When microtubule dynamics is reconstituted with purified tubulin, EBs promote rather than inhibit catastrophes, suggesting that in cells EBs prevent catastrophes by counteracting other microtubule regulators. This probably occurs through their action on microtubule ends, because catastrophe suppression does not require the EB domains needed for binding to known EB partners. 相似文献
100.
Lipins constitute a novel family of Mg(2+)-dependent phosphatidate phosphatases that catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to yield diacylglycerol, an important intermediate in lipid metabolism and cell signaling. Whereas a single lipin is detected in less complex organisms, in mammals there are distinct lipin isoforms and paralogs that are differentially expressed among tissues. Compatible with organism tissue complexity, we show that the single Drosophila Lpin1 ortholog (CG8709, here named DmLpin) expresses at least three isoforms (DmLpinA, DmLpinK and DmLpinJ) in a temporal and spatially regulated manner. The highest levels of lipin in the fat body, where DmLpinA and DmLpinK are expressed, correlate with the highest levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) measured in this tissue. DmLpinK is the most abundant isoform in the central nervous system, where TAG levels are significantly lower than in the fat body. In the testis, where TAG levels are even lower, DmLpinJ is the predominant isoform. Together, these data suggest that DmLpinA might be the isoform that is mainly involved in TAG production, and that DmLpinK and DmLpinJ could perform other cellular functions. In addition, we demonstrate by immunofluorescence that lipins are most strongly labeled in the perinuclear region of the fat body and ventral ganglion cells. In visceral muscles of the larval midgut and adult testis, lipins present a sarcomeric distribution. In the ovary chamber, the lipin signal is concentrated in the internal rim of the ring canal. These specific subcellular localizations of the Drosophila lipins provide the basis for future investigations on putative novel cellular functions of this protein family. 相似文献